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Asokan, R.

Development of Recombinant Cry3A Expressing Bacillus cereus Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) in the Management of Ash Weevil (Myllocerus subfasciatus Guerin)

Abstract Views :282 | PDF Views:122

Authors

Manamohan Maligeppagol ¹, R. Asokan ¹, Sukhada Mohandas ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO., Bangalore - 560 089, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 44-49

Abstract

A predominant Bacillus cereus (BR145) was engineered to express Cry3A protein by electroporation from B. thuringiensis tenebrionis (Btt.) The rhizospheric survival of these Bacillus spp., was compared where survival of the former was better in the rhizosphere of brinjal than the latter. The efficacy of Cry3A protein obtained from the lysed cells of rBR145 and Btt were evaluated for toxicity against grubs and adult M. subfasciatus in pot and detached leaf bioassays, respectively. The toxicity of Cry3A protein produced from both the bacilli was on par.

Keywords

Cry3A, Myllocerus subfasciatus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis Ssp. Tenebrionis and Rhizosphere.

Full Text

References

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Casique-Arroyo G, Bideshi D, Salcedo-Herna´ndez R, Barboza-Corona JE. 2007. Development of a recombinant strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-73 that produces the endochitinase ChiA74. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 92: 1–9.

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Gowda KS, Veeresh GK. 1984. Assessment of crop loss in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) due to as weevil Myllocerus subfasciatus Guerin. (Curculionidae : Coleoptera). J Soil Biol Ecol. 4: 41–52.

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Wang G, Zhang J, Song FWJ, Feng S, Huang D. 2006.

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Enhanced Persistence of Insecticidal Crystal Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp kurstaki by Transforming the Predominant Phyllosphere Bacterium, Bacillus megaterium

Abstract Views :223 | PDF Views:117

Authors

R. Asokan ¹, K. S. Mohan ², Vageeshbabu S. Hanur ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake (PO), Bangalore, 560 089, Karnataka, IN
2 Monsanto Research Centre, # 44/2A, Vasanth's Business Park, Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 092, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 357-367

Abstract

The insecticidal crystal proteins (ICP) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have relatively short persistence when applied as foliar spray. The limited persistence of the ICP on the phyllosphere is mainly due to alkaline pH and UV radiation in the solar spectrum. In this regard, chemical adjutants, plant derived substances such as phenols and flavinoids have been employed to improve the persistence of the ICP. Alternatively, expression of ICP in a predominant phyllosphere bacterium has been shown to be useful in enhancing the persistence of the same. Therefore, Bacillus megaterium, a predominant phyllosphere bacterium of cabbage, was engineered to express the ICP of Bt subsp kurstaki (Btk) through conjugal transfer. A total of seven stable transformants, viz., A3, B3, C3, El, E2, E3 & F were obtained in the above. Among them, B3 was highly toxic to the important pests of cabbage, Plutella xylostella (0.36 ng/cm²) and Crocidoloutia binotalis (1.74 ng/cm²). Additionally, B3 had extended lysis (96 hours) and higher persistence (9 cfu/cm²) as compared to the rest of the transformants and Btk.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, Subsp kurstaki, B. megaterium, Conjugation, Enhanced Persistence.

Full Text

Toxicity of Different Isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner to the Larvae of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)

Partial Characterization of Novel Nematicidal Toxins from Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland 1887 and their Effect on Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood

Abstract Views :228 | PDF Views:133

Authors

M. Nagesh ¹, R. Asokan ², K. S. Mohan ³

Affiliations
1 Biological Control, P. B. Ho. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road. Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, IN
2 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake P. O., Bangalore, 560 089, Karnataka, IN
3 Monsanto Research Centre, #44/2A. Vasants' Business Park, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 092, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 1 (2005), Pagination: 65-70

Abstract

Bacillus cereus isolated from the egg masses of ischolar_main-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita from tomato rhizosphere was grown in casein-peptone soy meal peptone (CASO) broth for partial characterization of toxins from cell-free filtrates. Cell-free culture filtrates of B. cereus at 72 hours of growth and beyond, reduced egg hatching (90%) and caused 100 per cent mortality of juveniles in 4 hours of exposure, which coincided with the post-sporulation phase (72h) of the bacterial growth indicating profound toxicity during and after the sporulation phase. The native PAGE electrophoresis of the partially purified cell-free culture filtrates showed that 3 bands of ≈ 15, 40 and 60 kDa appeared in 72, 84 and 96 hours of growth, respectively, coinciding with post-sporulation phase of the bacterium.

Keywords

Bacillus cereus, Meloidogyne incognita, Nematicidal Toxins, Partial Characterization.

Full Text

Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner from Soil, Leaf, Seed Dust and Insect Cadaver

Abstract Views :197 | PDF Views:117

Authors

R. Asokan ¹, Puttaswamy ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake (PO), Bangalore 560 089, IN
2 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 83-90

Abstract

Improved methods of isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has resulted in the isolation of novel strains with new host range, increased toxicity over the existing isolates and as source of isolation of novel genes. The potent and novel genes of Bt such as vegetative inseeticidal proteins (Vip) and binary toxins are currently used for production of insect resistant transgenic plants. In the present investigation Bt has been isolated from the following sources viz., soil (19 out of 38 locations), leaf (one out of 12 samples), seed dust (two out of seven samples) and insect cadavers (two out of nine insect species). Average population of the Bt isolates varied from 0.24 × 10³ cfu/g in soil; 0,04 cfu/cm² in leaf; 0.09 × 10² cfu/g in seed dust and 1.38 × 10⁵ cfu/larva in insect cadaver. As far as the number of Bt isolates obtained from different sources 28, one, two and two isolates were obtained from soil, leaf, seed dust&insect cadaver, respectively. Out of the total 33 isolates 18, 10 and five isolates produced bipyramidal, rhomboidal and spherical crystals, respectively. Preliminary toxicity studies showed that the 18 isolates that produced bipyramidal crystals were toxic to the five-day-old larvae of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). PCR screening of the above isolates using hemolysin specific primers showed that the objectionable exotoxin, hemolysin was present in only one isolate, DVu-1 obtained from the seed dust of Vigna unguiculata (Linnaeus).

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, Hemolysin, Isolation, Preliminary Toxicity, Types of Crystals.

Full Text

Efficacy of Integrated Pest Management Tools Evaluated against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) on Tomato in India

Abstract Views :327 | PDF Views:181

Authors

V. Sridhar ¹, S. Onkara Naik ¹, K. S. Nitin ¹, R. Asokan ¹, P. Swathi ¹, H. Gadad ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru – 560089, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 264-270

Abstract

South American tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive pest on tomato and other solanaceous crops. In general, 20 to 30 % yield loss is caused by this pest and sometimes it may result in 100% damage, if timely management interventions are not followed. Though the pest was reported in India during 2014, presently it has spread to several tomato growing states. In the present study various IPM tools have been evaluated against this pest. As a long-term strategy of resistance breeding, genotype screening was carried out for identification of resistance sources from wild and cultivated tomato genotypes showing resistance/tolerance against T. absoluta. Among the evaluated wild and cultivated tomato genotypes, Solanum pennellii (Accession, LA 1940) was identified as a resistant source against T. absoluta both under choice and no-choice bioassays and is being used for resistance breeding. Various entomopathogens (Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and M. rileyi), egg parasitoids (Trichogramma chilonis, T. pretiosum and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae), light traps, pheromone traps, synthetic insecticides, botanical origin insecticides were also evaluated for their relative efficacy. Among the egg parasitoids T. pretiosum and among synthetic chemicals, spinetoram 12 SC@ 1.25ml/l were found very effective for the management of T. absoluta. Yellow light traps were found as an effective component for integrated management of T. absoluta. Azadirachtin 5% EC at the tested concentrations showed highest mean radial growth (24.67 mm) with relatively less inhibition (16.51%) of M. anisopliae indicating these combinations can be effectively utilised in the eco-friendly management of T. absoluta. We reported natural incidence of M. anisopliae on T. absoluta larvae, causing up to 35 per cent mortality during 2016-17.

Keywords

Entomopathogens, Host Plant Resistance, IPM, Light Traps, Pheromone Traps, Tuta absoluta.

Full Text

References

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